Performance Analysis of Rotorcraft Propulsion Units in a Combination of Wind and Icing Conditions

Research Paper Abstract | AIAA Aviation Forum | 2021

Understanding behavior and performance of rotorcrafts (commonly known as drones or UAV) in adverse weather and harsh flight environments is a prerequisite to developing meaningful test protocols for the validation and certification of these flying systems.

Among the list of harsh conditions, icing is certainly the most critical. The authors present an exploratory work to develop a method for characterizing the performances of propeller in laboratory icing conditions. This research was enabled by the use of a climatic chamber featuring an array of water nozzles that makes it possible to generate icing condition, in combination with a windshaper – a new family of wind-generating facilities, which consists of an array of a large number of fans (wind-pixels) that can be activated on demand to generate arbitrary winds of variable intensity and directions, such as uniform flows, gusts, or shear flows. Propellers were characterized with a test bench capable of measuring the thrust, motor torque, motor speed, electrical power and the weight of accreted ice.

Additionally, the room temperature, humidity and wind speed were also monitored separately. A visual analysis of the accretion of ice on the propeller that was made using short-duration flash lamps and a camera, allowed to correlate the performance drop with proportion and morphology of the accreted ice on the propeller. The authors finally provide their observations for a selection of test results.

The test setup includes :